This article throws light upon the top four theories of tax shifting. The theories are: 1. Concentration Theory 2. The Diffusion Theory 3. Demand and Supply Theory of Incidence 4. Musgrave’s Approach. Tax Shifting # 1. Concentration Theory: This theory was advocated by the physiocratic school of thought in France during the middle of the 18th century. Physiocrats believed that [...]
This article throws light upon the twelve main factors determining the incidence and shifting of tax. The factors are: 1. Elasticity of Demand 2. Elasticity of Supply 3. Price acts an Engine of Shifting 4. Tax Area 5. Time Period 6. Coverage of Tax 7. Availability of Substitutes 8. Nature of Demand for Commodities 9. Business Conditions 10. Types of [...]
Dalton discusses the economic effect of taxation under the following three heads: 1. Effect of Taxation on Production, 2. Effect of Taxation on Distribution 3. Other Effects. 1. Effect of Taxation on Production: According to Dalton effect of taxation on production can be in the following three ways: (a) Effect on ability to work, save and invest. (b) Effect upon [...]